Sodium hydroxide, caustic soda
Sodium hydroxide, feem ntau hu ua caustic sodathiab lub npe hu ua "Txiv Neej" hauv Hong Kong vim lub npe menyuam yaus no.Nws yog ib qho inorganic compound thiab dawb siv lead ua ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, muaj zog corrosivity.Nws yog ib qho alkali ntau heev, thiab nws muaj nyob rau hauv kev lag luam chemical, metallurgy, ntawv ua, roj av, textile, khoom noj khoom haus, tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab qab zib industries.
Sodium hydroxide yog soluble hauv dej thiab tso tawm ntau heev thaum muaj dej thiab chav dej.Thaum raug huab cua, sodium hydroxide yuav nqus cov dej noo hauv huab cua, thiab maj mam yaj thaum lub npoo ntub dej, qhov no yog qhov peb feem ntau hu ua "deliquescence" Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws yuav hnov mob nrog carbon dioxide nyob rau hauv cov huab cua thiab deteriorate. .Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb hauv kev khaws cia thiab ntim ntawm sodium hydroxide.Ntxiv nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev soluble hauv dej, sodium hydroxide kuj yog soluble hauv ethanol, glycerol, tab sis tsis nyob hauv ether, acetone, thiab kua ammonia.Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov tshuaj sodium hydroxide aqueous muaj zog alkaline, astringent thiab greasy, thiab muaj zog corrosivity.
Cov sodium hydroxide uas muag hauv khw tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntshiab thiab cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntshiab.Ntawm lawv, cov khoom ntshiab caustic soda yog dawb, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm thaiv, daim ntawv, pas nrig thiab particle, thiab nkig;Ntshiab kua caustic soda yog tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab kua.
1, Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg:
Raws li cov khoom siv alkaline muaj zog, sodium hydroxide tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov borax, sodium cyanide, formic acid, oxalic acid, phenol, thiab lwm yam, los yog siv hauv kev lag luam tshuaj inorganic thiab kev lag luam organic.
1)Inorganic chemical kev lag luam:
① Nws yog siv los tsim ntau yam sodium ntsev thiab hnyav hlau hydroxides.
② Nws yog siv rau alkaline leaching ntawm ores.
③ Kho tus nqi pH ntawm ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv.
2)Organic chemical kev lag luam:
① Sodium hydroxide yog siv rau saponification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los tsim nucleophilic anionic intermediate.
② Dehalogenation ntawm halogenated tebchaw.
③ Hydroxyl tebchaw yog tsim los ntawm alkali yaj.
④ Dawb alkali yog tsim los ntawm ntsev ntawm organic alkali.
⑤ Nws yog siv los ua alkaline catalyst hauv ntau cov tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj lom neeg.
2, Kev tsim cov tshuaj ntxuav tes
Sodium hydroxide saponified roj tuaj yeem siv los ua xab npum thiab hnov mob nrog alkyl aromatic sulfonic acid los tsim cov khoom siv ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav tes.Tsis tas li ntawd, sodium hydroxide kuj tuaj yeem siv los tsim sodium phosphate ua ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav tes.
1)xab npum:
Kev tsim cov xab npum yog qhov qub tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau siv cov dej qab zib caustic.
Sodium hydroxide tau siv rau kev siv niaj hnub.Txog niaj hnub no, qhov kev thov rau caustic soda rau xab npum, xab npum thiab lwm yam khoom siv ntxhua khaub ncaws tseem suav txog li 15% ntawm cov dej qab zib caustic.
Lub ntsiab ntawm cov roj thiab zaub roj yog triglyceride (triacylglycerol)
Nws qhov sib npaug alkali hydrolysis yog:
(RCOO) 3C3H5 (grease) + 3NaOH = 3 (RCOONa) (siab dua fatty acid sodium) + C3H8O3 (glycerol)
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim cov xab npum, yog li nws muaj npe saponification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Tau kawg, lub hauv paus R hauv cov txheej txheem no yuav txawv, tab sis cov tsim R-COONA tuaj yeem siv los ua xab npum.
Common R - yog:
C17H33 -: 8-heptadecenyl, R-COOH yog oleic acid.
C15H31 -: n-pentadecyl, R-COOH yog palmitic acid.
C17H35 -: n-octadecyl, R-COOH yog stearic acid.
2)Detergent:
Sodium hydroxide yog siv los tsim ntau yam tshuaj detergents, thiab txawm tias niaj hnub no cov ntxhua khaub ncaws ntxhua khaub ncaws (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate thiab lwm yam khoom siv) kuj yog tsim los ntawm ntau cov dej qab zib caustic, uas yog siv los ua kom tsis txhob muaj cov fuming sulfuric acid ntau dhau tom qab sulfonation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
3, Textile kev lag luam
1) Kev lag luam textile feem ntau siv sodium hydroxide tov los tsim viscose fiber.Artificial fibers, xws li rayon, rayon, thiab rayon, feem ntau yog viscose fibers, uas yog tsim los ntawm cellulose, sodium hydroxide, thiab carbon disulfide (CS2) ua raw khoom rau hauv viscose tov, thiab ces spun thiab condensed.
2) Sodium hydroxide kuj tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho fiber ntau thiab dyeing, thiab rau mercerizing paj rwb fiber.Tom qab cov paj rwb ntaub yog kho nrog caustic soda tov, siv quav ciab, roj, hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab lwm yam khoom uas npog cov paj rwb ntaub yuav raug tshem tawm, thiab mercerizing xim ntawm cov ntaub yuav ua rau kom cov dyeing ntau uniform.
4. Smelting
1) Siv sodium hydroxide los ua bauxite kom rho tawm alumina ntshiab;
2) Siv sodium hydroxide los rho tawm tungstate ua raw khoom rau tungsten smelting los ntawm wolframite;
3) Sodium hydroxide kuj tseem siv los tsim zinc alloy thiab zinc ingot;
4) Tom qab ntxuav nrog sulfuric acid, cov roj av tseem muaj qee cov tshuaj acidic.Lawv yuav tsum tau ntxuav nrog sodium hydroxide tov thiab tom qab ntawd ntxuav nrog dej kom tau cov khoom ua kom zoo.
5 、 Tshuaj
Sodium hydroxide tuaj yeem siv los ua tshuaj tua kab mob.Npaj 1% lossis 2% caustic soda dej tov, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau kev lag luam zaub mov, thiab tseem tuaj yeem tua cov cuab yeej, tshuab, thiab kev cob qhia uas muaj paug los ntawm cov roj av lossis cov suab thaj ntau.
6. Ntawv ua
Sodium hydroxide ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam ntawv.Vim nws cov alkaline xwm, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm boiling thiab bleaching ntawv.
Cov ntaub ntawv raw rau papermaking yog ntoo lossis nyom nroj tsuag, uas tsis tsuas yog cellulose xwb, tab sis kuj muaj ntau ntawm cov tsis-cellulose (lignin, gum, thiab lwm yam).Ntxiv dilute sodium hydroxide tov tuaj yeem yaj thiab cais cov khoom tsis yog cellulose, yog li ua cov pulp nrog cellulose ua cov khoom tseem ceeb.
7. Khoom noj khoom haus
Hauv kev ua zaub mov, sodium hydroxide tuaj yeem siv los ua cov kua qaub nruab nrab, thiab tuaj yeem siv los tev txiv hmab txiv ntoo lye.Qhov concentration ntawm sodium hydroxide tov siv rau tev nws txawv nrog ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo.Piv txwv li, 0.8% sodium hydroxide tov yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov txiv kab ntxwv kaus poom nrog tag nrho de-coated qab zib syrup;Piv txwv li, sodium hydroxide tov nrog ib qho concentration ntawm 13% ~ 16% yog siv los tsim cov dej qab zib txiv duaj.
Tuam Tshoj National Food Safety Standard for the Use of Food Additives (GB2760-2014) qhia tias sodium hydroxide tuaj yeem siv los ua kev pabcuam rau kev lag luam zaub mov, thiab cov khoom seem tsis txwv.
8 、 Kev kho dej
Sodium hydroxide yog siv dav hauv kev kho dej.Hauv cov chaw kho dej phwj tuaj, sodium hydroxide tuaj yeem txo qhov nyuaj ntawm cov dej los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv neutralization.Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam teb, nws yog lub regenerant ntawm ion pauv resin regeneration.Sodium hydroxide muaj zog alkalinity thiab kuj siab solubility hauv dej.Vim tias sodium hydroxide muaj cov solubility hauv dej, nws yooj yim los ntsuas qhov ntau npaum li cas thiab tuaj yeem siv rau ntau yam kev kho dej.
Kev siv sodium hydroxide hauv kev kho dej suav nrog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
1) Tshem tawm cov dej hardness;
2) Kho tus nqi pH ntawm dej;
3) Neutralize cov dej khib nyiab;
4) Tshem tawm cov hlau hnyav ions hauv dej los ntawm nag lossis daus;
5) Regeneration ntawm ion txauv resin.
9. Kev sim tshuaj.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv los ua cov tshuaj reagent, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua alkaline desiccant vim nws cov dej muaj zog nqus thiab deliquescence.Nws tuaj yeem nqus tau cov pa roj (piv txwv li, hauv kev sim ntawm sulfur hlawv hauv cov pa, sodium hydroxide tov tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv lub raj mis kom nqus cov sulfur dioxide).
Nyob rau hauv luv luv, sodium hydroxide yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb, nrog rau kev tsim tshuaj, ntawv ua, txhuas smelting, tungsten smelting, rayon, dag paj rwb thiab xab npum manufacturing, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov dyes, plastics, pharmaceuticals thiab organic intermediates. Kev tsim cov roj hmab qub, kev tsim cov hlau sodium, dej electrolysis thiab inorganic ntsev ntau lawm, nrog rau kev tsim cov borax, chromate, manganate, phosphate, thiab lwm yam, uas yuav tsum tau muaj ntau ntawm caustic soda, uas yog sodium hydroxide.
10, Zog sector
Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog, sodium hydroxide tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim cov roj cell.Zoo li cov roj teeb, cov roj hlwb tuaj yeem muab lub zog huv thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ntau daim ntawv thov, suav nrog kev thauj mus los, kev tuav cov khoom siv, thiab ruaj khov, portable thiab thaum muaj xwm ceev standby power applications.Epoxy resin ua los ntawm kev ntxiv sodium hydroxide tuaj yeem siv rau cua turbines.
Taw qhia:
Cov ntshiab anhydrous sodium hydroxide yog dawb translucent crystalline khoom.Sodium hydroxide yog soluble heev hauv dej, thiab nws solubility nce nrog qhov kub thiab txias.Thaum nws yaj, nws tuaj yeem tso cua sov ntau.Ntawm 288K, nws cov kua dej txaus siab tuaj yeem ncav cuag 26.4 mol / L (1: 1).Nws cov tshuaj aqueous muaj astringent saj thiab greasy xav.Cov tshuaj muaj zog alkaline thiab muaj tag nrho cov khoom ntawm alkali.Muaj ob hom caustic soda muag hauv khw: khoom caustic soda yog dawb, thiab nws yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm thaiv, daim ntawv, pas nrig thiab granule, thiab nws yog nkig;Ntshiab kua caustic soda yog tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab kua.Sodium hydroxide kuj yog soluble hauv ethanol thiab glycerol;Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog insoluble hauv ether, acetone thiab kua ammonia.
Qhov tsos:
Dawb translucent crystalline khoom
Cia:
Khaws sodium hydroxide rau hauv lub thawv ntim dej, muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw huv si thiab txias, thiab cais tawm ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab txwv.Qhov chaw khaws cia yuav tsum muaj cov khoom cua sib cais.Kev ntim khoom, thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm cov khoom flake thiab granular caustic soda yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas kom tsis txhob muaj pob khoom puas rau tib neeg lub cev.
Siv:
Sodium hydroxide yog dav siv.Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv los ua cov tshuaj reagent hauv kev sim tshuaj, nws tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua alkaline desiccant vim nws qhov nqus dej muaj zog.Sodium hydroxide tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws, thiab ntau lub tuam tsev lag luam xav tau nws.Lub sector uas siv sodium hydroxide feem ntau yog kev tsim cov tshuaj, ua raws li cov ntawv ua, aluminium smelting, tungsten smelting, rayon, rayon thiab xab npum manufacturing.Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv kev tsim cov dyes, plastics, pharmaceuticals thiab organic intermediates, kev tsim cov roj hmab qub, electrolysis ntawm hlau sodium thiab dej, thiab tsim cov ntsev inorganic, tsim cov borax, chromate, manganate, phosphate, thiab lwm yam. , kuj yuav tsum tau siv ntau npaum li cas ntawm caustic soda.
Ntim:
Cov khoom siv caustic soda yuav tsum tau ntim rau hauv cov nruas hlau los yog lwm lub thawv kaw nrog phab ntsa tuab ntawm 0 Saum 5 hli, siab tsis kam siab tshaj 0.5Pa, lub taub hau yuav tsum tau muab kaw kom ruaj khov, qhov hnyav ntawm txhua lub thoob yog 200kg, thiab flake alkali yog 25kg.Lub pob yuav tsum raug cim kom meej nrog "cov khoom corrosive".Thaum noj tau cov kua caustic soda yog thauj los ntawm lub tsheb tank lossis lub tank cia, nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav tom qab siv ob zaug.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom yog superior kiag li.Ua rau kuv xav tsis thoob, lub tuam txhab kev pabcuam tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub sijhawm lees txais qhov kev nug mus rau lub sijhawm uas kuv tau lees tias qhov tau txais cov khoom yog thawj-chav kawm, uas ua rau kuv zoo siab heev thiab muaj kev zoo siab heev.
Lub tuam txhab kev pabcuam yog qhov xav tsis thoob.Tag nrho cov khoom tau txais tau zoo packed thiab txuas nrog cov cim tseem ceeb.Lub ntim yog nruj thiab logistics ceev ceev.
Thaum kuv xaiv cov neeg koom tes, kuv pom tias lub tuam txhab qhov kev thov yog tus nqi zoo heev, qhov zoo ntawm cov qauv tau txais kuj zoo heev, thiab cov ntawv pov thawj kev soj ntsuam cuam tshuam nrog.Nws yog kev koom tes zoo!
