Tsis txhob yuam kev sodium sulfide!

"Dab tsi hassle!"Ib tug txiv neej hauv cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau rub nws lub npog ntsej muag tsis txaus siab, "Hav, tus kwv tij, qhov no muaj tshuaj lom heev, txawm tias nws muaj teeb meem npaum li cas, koj yuav tsum nqa tag nrho cov khoom no nrog koj!"Lwm tus txiv neej siab stretched nws cov hnab looj tes roj hmab thiab patted tus txiv neej ntawm lub xub pwg nyom.“Tab sis tsis txhob qhia kuv, yam khoom no muag tau zoo heev.Kuv tau xaj lwm pawg khoom nag hmo.Thaum kuv tau nyiaj, kuv tus tij laug thiab kuv yuav mus haus dej!”

Sodium Sulfide tau saib cov duab ntawm ob tus neeg uas tau maj mam mus, tab sis qhov kev chim siab ntawm tus txiv neej tam sim no nyob hauv nws lub siab, zoo li nws tau rov qab los rau lub sijhawm uas txhua tus tau zam nws lub sijhawm ntev dhau los…

l Tsis nyiam sodium sulfide

“Qhov no yog dab tsi!Kuv txhais tes, kuv txhais tes mob heev!”

“Dab tsi yog stinky!Vim li cas nws thiaj li tsw zoo li cov qe lwj!”

Qee tus neeg qw nrov nrov thaum tuav lawv tes liab thiab chapped, qee cov neeg npog lawv lub qhov ntswg thiab taw, thiab qhov xwm txheej tau dhau los ua kev ntxhov siab

Tam sim ntawd ib tug taw tes rau ib pawg ntawm cov xim av-liab thiab khaki-daj flakes thiab qw: "Qhov no yog nws!Nws yog sodium sulfide!”

Lub sodium sulfide uas tau hu los ntawm nws lub npe dheev tshee tshee, zoo li yog ib tug neeg tau poked lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab tsis kam txav.

Thaum nws nrog lwm cov tshuaj ores ua ntej, nws yog ib hom sib txawv.Nws paub tias nws muaj tshuaj lom, lossis muaj tshuaj lom heev.Nws tsuas tuaj yeem nyob nrog lwm tus phooj ywg lom, thiab cov uas siv tsis tau nws zam., cov neeg uas siv tau nws kuj yuav pom nws nyuaj heev.

Sodium Sulfide tau saib cov neeg coob coob tuaj thiab mus, thiab xav hais tias nws tsis txaus ntshai, tab sis ib zaug ntxiv saib ntawm "cov teeb meem kev nyab xeeb" tshaj tawm ntawm phab ntsa.

Sodium sulfide txo nws lub taub hau, yuav ua li cas refute?Cov neeg no hais yog lawm, nws yog ib tug neeg muaj teeb meem heev.

Ceev faj tsis txhob noj nws los ntawm kev yuam kev, lossis txawm tias tsuas yog hnov tsw nws tawm, thiab qee zaum koj yuav tsum hnav lub npog ntsej muag roj;Txawm tias ib qho yooj yim kov yuav ua rau liab thiab chapping vim nws corrosiveness, yog li ntawd txhua tus neeg uas tuaj yeem ntsib nws Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum hnav hnab looj tes roj hmab thiab txawm hnav khaub ncaws ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv corrosion;Tsis tas li ntawd, kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom tsis txhob muaj qhov to thiab kho cov dej khib nyiab ntau lawm.Yog hais tias cov roj yaj thiab cov volatilized tsis tau ua kom zoo, cov sulfide hauv dej yog ib qho yooj yim rau hydrolyze, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm H2S tso tawm rau hauv cov huab cua, xeev siab thiab ntuav tam sim ntawd tom qab absorbed nyob rau hauv ib tug loj npaum li cas los ntawm cov neeg, thiab txawm ua pa nyuaj. , suffocation, thiab lwm yam, ua rau muaj kev xav ntawm toxicity.Yog hais tias nws nce mus txog 15-30mg / m3 nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, nws yuav ua rau o ntawm lub qhov muag daim nyias nyias thiab puas rau lub paj hlwb.H2S dissipated nyob rau hauv cov huab cua yog nqus los ntawm tib neeg rau lub sij hawm ntev, thiab nws yuav hnov mob nrog cytochrome, oxidase thiab disulfide bonds nyob rau hauv tib neeg cov proteins thiab amino acids nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, cuam tshuam rau oxidation txheej txheem ntawm cov hlwb, ua rau hypoxia nyob rau hauv lub hlwb, thiab muaj kev puas tsuaj. tib neeg noj qab haus huv.lub neej.Thiab yog tias cov dej khib nyiab tsis raug kho kom zoo, ua rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cov dej haus uas muaj cov sulfide siab, nws yuav ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog, tsis qab los noj mov, poob phaus, cov plaub hau tsis zoo, thiab tsis ua haujlwm thiab tuag thaum mob hnyav.

Sodium Sulfide sighed, nws hloov tawm tias nws muaj teeb meem tiag tiag.

l Sodium sulfide: Nws muaj tseeb tias nws muaj tshuaj lom, thiab nws muaj tseeb tias nws muaj txiaj ntsig

"Sodium sulfide dua."

Thaum kuv hnov cov kab lus no, sodium sulfide tau so.Nws tab tom pib ua haujlwm.Piv nrog rau nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias warehouses qhuav, nws zoo dua yuav tsum tau soaked nyob rau hauv dej, yaj, los yog tov nrog lwm yam tshuaj.Cov khoom muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo heev.

“Hav, kid.Koj zoo nkauj heev.Koj muaj ntau yam kev siv, ntau qhov chaw, thiab kev ua haujlwm siab.Tsis xav tias muaj coob tus neeg xaj. "

“Yog tiag?Kuv puas muaj txiaj ntsig tiag tiag?

Sodium Sulfide tsa nws lub taub hau, nws ob lub qhov muag tau tag nrho ntawm kev cia siab, tab sis nws lub cev tseem me me nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum, tsis kam mus rau pem hauv ntej.

"Yog lawm, koj pom, koj tuaj yeem ua cov tshuaj zawv plaub hau hauv kev lag luam dyeing, uas tuaj yeem yog cov khoom siv raw rau sulfur cyan thiab sulfur xiav;tshem tawm cov plaub hau;kev npaj ntawm sodium polysulfide kom ceev cov tawv nqaij qhuav thiab softening yog tseem indispensable;koj kuj tseem siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev ua noj rau cov ntawv hauv kev lag luam ntawv;denitrification thiab txo cov nitrates hauv kev lag luam textile kuj yog koj lub luag haujlwm;mordant dyeing rau paj rwb ntaub dyeing tus neeg saib xyuas;txawm nyob hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, nws tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob xws li phenacetin;Tsis tsuas yog cov no, koj tuaj yeem siv nws los ua sodium thiosulfate, sodium hydrosulfide, sodium polysulfide, thiab lwm yam. Cov no yog koj li Nws ua haujlwm! "

Sodium sulfide xav txog nws ntev heev hnub ntawd.Nws tseem muaj txiaj ntsig, tsis tsuas yog muaj qhov tsis txaus.Txij li nws muaj teeb meem, nws yuav tsum tau siv rau nws lub peev xwm tag nrho.Qhov no yog txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws thiab nws yuav tsum ua li cas.

Hauv kev lag luam metallurgical, nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm impurity ions zoo li Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, thiab lwm yam hauv cov kev daws teeb meem tsawg hauv ntiaj teb.Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias kev tswj cov pH ntawm txog 5 thiab ntxiv Na2S rau lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj eluate tshem tawm impurities tsis tsuas yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tshem tawm impurities, tab sis kuj tsis poob lub ntiaj teb tsawg.

Los yog cuam tshuam nrog cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj mercury uas tsim kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.Hauv kev lag luam dej qab zib, cov ntsiab lus mercury hauv cov dej khib nyiab feem ntau yog siab, tshaj li tus qauv thoob ntiaj teb (0.05mg / L).Hauv cov tshuaj tsis muaj zog (pH 8-11), mercury ions tuaj yeem tsim insoluble precipitates nrog sodium sulfide.Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov lus txuas uas cov khoom solubility ntawm HgS tsawg heev (Ksp = 1.6 × 10-52).Los ntawm kev tshawb fawb, nws tau txiav txim siab tias cov txiaj ntsig kev kho mob yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thaum tus nqi ntawm Na2S nyob tas li thiab tus nqi pH raug tswj ntawm 9-10, thiab Hg2 + hauv cov dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem txo qis dua lub teb chaws tus qauv (0.05mg / L).Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm kev ntxiv FeSO4 los tsim Fe (OH) 2 thiab Fe (OH) 3 colloids hauv dej, cov colloids no tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog adsorb mercury ions, tab sis kuj cuab thiab lub tsho tiv no tshem tawm HgS cov khoom, ua lub luag haujlwm zoo hauv coagulation thiab nag lossis daus. .Cov sediment tsis yooj yim rau kev qias neeg ob zaug thiab yooj yim rau kev pov tseg.

Nws kuj tseem siv tau los tshem tawm arsenic.Nws yuav tsum paub tias arsenic feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov hauv daim ntawv ntawm sulfide.Thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem pyro-smelting, feem ntau ntawm cov arsenic volatilizes rau hauv cov pa roj thiab plua plav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov emission ncaj qha ntawm tsawg-concentration SO2 yuav ua paug ib puag ncig.Yog li ntawd, kev tshem tawm arsenic yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej flue gas tom qab kho los yog khoob.Siv cov tshuaj Na2S los nqus SO2 flue roj, kom As3 + thiab S2- daim ntawv As2S3 precipitate (Ksp = 2.1 × 10-22), ntawm pH siab dua (pH> 8), As2S3 tuaj yeem yaj los ua As3S3-6 lossis AsS2- 3, piv nrog Thaum qis pH, cov tshuaj yuav tsim H2S roj.Kev tshawb fawb ntawm Yin Aijun et al.[4] qhia tau hais tias thaum pH ntawm cov tshuaj raug tswj nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 2.0 mus rau 5.5, lub sij hawm tshuaj tiv thaiv yog 50 feeb, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub yog 30 mus rau 50 ° C, thiab cov flocculant ntxiv, tus nqi tshem tawm arsenic tuaj yeem ncav cuag. 90%.% saum toj no.Hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj dawb carbon dub, txhawm rau txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm impurity arsenic nyob rau hauv cov concentrated sulfuric acid ntawm cov khoom siv raw, sodium sulfide yog ntxiv rau cov concentrated sulfuric acid los ua As3 + daim ntawv As2S3 thiab precipitate thiab tshem tawm nws.Kev xyaum ntau lawm qhia tau hais tias sodium sulfide tshem tawm arsenic tsis tsuas yog nrog ceev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ceev, tab sis kuj nrog tag nrho tshem tawm ntawm arsenic.Cov ntsiab lus ntawm arsenic hauv sulfuric acid tom qab tshem tawm arsenic tsawg dua 0.5 × 10-6, thiab cov ntsiab lus arsenic ntawm cov carbon dub uas ua nrog cov khoom siv raw yog ≤0.0003%, uas ua raws li cov kev cai cuam tshuam.

Nws kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv electroplating!

Ua ntej, nws ua raws li lub brightener.Sodium sulfide yog yaj nyob rau hauv dej thiab ionized rau hauv zoo nqi sodium ions (Na +) thiab tsis zoo them sulfide ions (S2-).Thaum lub sij hawm electroplating txheej txheem, muaj S2- nyob rau hauv cov electrolyte yuav txhawb cathode polarization.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm tam sim no Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cathode nrawm nrawm.Lub deposition ceev kuj ceev, lub sib sib zog nqus plating muaj peev xwm yog nce, lub txheej yog refined, thiab lub nto ntawm lub plated ib feem ua brighter correspondingly.

Nws tseem tuaj yeem tshem tawm impurities hauv electrolyte, feem ntau vim hais tias thaum lub sij hawm electroplating ntau lawm txheej txheem, ntau los yog tsawg impurities nyob rau hauv raw cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug coj mus rau hauv lub plating tov.Cov impurities no txawv nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov electrodes, thiab cov impurities nrog qis peev xwm yuav muab tso rau saum npoo ntawm plated ib feem ua ke nrog Zn2 +, cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm cov plated txheej.Tom qab ntxiv sodium sulfide, S2- nyob rau hauv sodium sulfide tuaj yeem tsim precipitates nrog hlau impurity ions, tiv thaiv impurities los ntawm kev koom nrog cov tshuaj electrochemical thiab ua rau cov txheej ci ci.

Los yog siv sodium sulfide tov rau flue gas desulfurization.Txoj kev rov qab los ntawm SO2 hauv cov roj flue feem ntau yog hloov SO2 rau H2SO4, kua SO2 thiab cov tshuaj sulfur.Elemental sulfur kuj yog ib qho khoom zoo rau kev rov ua dua tshiab vim nws yooj yim ntawm kev tuav thiab kev thauj mus los.Cov txheej txheem tshiab los tsim cov tshuaj sulfur los ntawm kev siv H2S ua los ntawm cov tshuaj Na2S ua tus neeg saib xyuas kom txo tau SO2.Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov yooj yim thiab tsis tas yuav haus cov tshuaj txo qis xws li cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab cov pa roj carbon tsawg xws li cov thev naus laus zis ntau lawm.Thaum pH ntawm cov tshuaj poob mus rau 8.5-7.5, absorbing SO2 nrog Na2S yuav tsim H2S, thiab H2S thiab SO2 yuav undergo ntub Claus cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov kua theem.

Tsis tas li ntawd, sodium sulfide tuaj yeem siv los ua ib qho inhibitor los pab cov txiaj ntsig.Tsuav muaj ob yam, ib qho yog Na2S yog hydrolyzed los tsim HS-, thiab HS- tsis suav xanthate adsorbed rau saum npoo ntawm sulfide minerals, thiab tib lub sij hawm, nws yog adsorbed rau saum npoo ntawm cov zaub mov kom nce hydrophilicity. ntawm cov ntxhia pob zeb;Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws ntseeg tau tias Na2S ua lub luag haujlwm inhibitory tsis tsuas yog tshwm sim los ntawm adsorption ntawm HS- ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av, thiab nws yuav tsum muaj feem xyuam rau S2- tsim los ntawm ionization ntawm Na2S hauv cov kua dej.

Vim yog cov khoom loj solubility ntawm PbS thiab cov khoom me me solubility ntawm PbX2, thaum Na2S ntxiv, qhov concentration ntawm S2- nce, thiab qhov sib npaug hloov mus rau sab laug, uas ua rau xanthate txuas rau cov ntxhia hauv desorb, yog li Na2S. tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov ntxhia saum npoo av.Siv cov nyhuv inhibitory ntawm Na2S, qhov flotation ntawm Ni2S3 tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ntxiv Na2S, kom qhov kev sib cais zoo ntawm Cu2S thiab Ni2S3 nyob rau hauv siab nickel matte tuaj yeem pom tau.Hauv qee cov nroj tsuag siv lead-zinc, vim cov khoom siv teeb meem thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tsis tsim nyog, cov slag tom qab flotation tseem muaj cov hlau lead thiab zinc.Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog qhov adsorption ntawm qee cov neeg ua haujlwm flotation ntawm nws qhov chaw, qhov ntev mus ntev yuav ua rau muaj av nkos loj, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev nyuaj heev hauv kev sib cais ntawm cov hlau lead-zinc nruab nrab ore.Siv cov nyhuv inhibitory ntawm Na2S, Na2S tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj reagent rau desorb xanthate uas tau raug adsorbed rau ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av, kom cov haujlwm flotation tom ntej yog ib qho yooj yim mus nqa tawm.Cov hlau lead-zinc nruab nrab ore khaws cia hauv Shaanxi Xinhe Concentrator tau pretreated nrog sodium sulfide rau kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj, thiab tom qab ntawd flotation tau ua tiav kom tau cov hmoov txhuas nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm 63.23% thiab zinc concentrate nrog zinc ntsiab lus ntawm 55.89% (lead thiab Tus nqi rov qab ntawm zinc tuaj yeem ncav cuag 60.56% thiab 85.55% raws li), uas ua rau kev siv tag nrho cov peev txheej ntxhia.Nyob rau hauv kev txheeb xyuas ntawm tooj liab-zinc sulfide ores, vim qhov ntom symbiosis ntawm cov zaub mov, cov ntsiab lus sulfur thiab qib siab tooj liab, nws nyuaj rau txheeb.Hom ore no tau qhib los ntawm Cu2 + thaum lub sij hawm sib tsoo, thiab nws cov floatability Nws yog ze rau chalcopyrite, yog li tooj liab thiab zinc cov zaub mov tsis yooj yim rau kev sib cais.Thaum ua cov ore zoo li no, los ntawm kev ntxiv Na2S thaum lub sij hawm ore sib tsoo, S2- ua los ntawm hydrolysis ntawm Na2S thiab ib co hnyav hlau ions uas muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj peev xwm, xws li Cu2 +, tsim insoluble sulfide precipitates kom tshem tawm cov activation ntawm cov hlau hnyav ions.Tom qab ntawd, los ntawm kev ntxiv zinc thiab sulfur inhibitors, siv butyl ammonium dub tshuaj kom nyiam xaiv tooj liab-tooj liab tailings rau zinc xaiv-zinc tailings rau sulfur sib cais kom tau txais tooj liab mloog zoo nrog 25.10% tooj liab thiab zinc mloog zoo nrog 41.20% zinc ore thiab sulfur concentrate nrog. sulfur ntsiab lus ntawm 38.96%.

Thaum sodium sulfide yog siv los ua tus activator, FeS zaj duab xis tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm limonite.Vim hais tias ntawm pH siab dua, FeS zaj duab xis tuaj yeem ua rau kom cov adsorption ntawm molecular amines, yog li FeS reagent hais tuaj yeem siv rau flotation ntawm pH siab.Amine flotation ntawm limonite.Tsis tas li ntawd, Na2S tuaj yeem siv los ua lub zog ua haujlwm rau tooj liab oxide minerals.Thaum ib qho nyiaj tsim nyog ntawm Na2S ntxiv rau cov tshuaj flotation, cov dissociated S2- tau txais kev hloov pauv nrog cov lattice anions ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av oxidized los ua ib zaj duab xis sulfide rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tooj liab oxide ntxhia, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. adsorption ntawm xanthate collectors.Txawm li cas los xij, tooj liab sulfide zaj duab xis tsim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm tooj liab oxide ore tsis ruaj khov, thiab nws yooj yim los poob thaum lub nplawm muaj zog.Thaum soj ntsuam nrog Totozui tooj liab mine nyob rau hauv Daye, Hubei (tooj liab-muaj cov zaub mov tsuas yog tsim los ntawm malachite), txoj kev flotation ntawm kev ntxiv Na2S nyob rau hauv ntau theem thiab rho tawm cov concentrate ntawm ntau lub ntsiab lus txo cov kev ncig ntawm nruab nrab ore, thiab tooj liab concentrate. Qib piv Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm tau txhim kho los ntawm 2.1%, thiab cov tooj liab thiab kub rov qab tau nce 25.98% thiab 10.81% raws li.Na2S kuj tseem siv tau los ua lub flotation activator rau pyrite suppressed los ntawm peralkali txiv qaub nyob rau hauv lub perkalime system.Nyob rau hauv lub siab alkali system, nto ntawm pyrite yog them nrog hydrophilic calcium zaj duab xis (Ca(OH) 2, CaSO4), uas inhibits nws flotation.Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias tom qab ntxiv Na2S, cov hydrolyzed HS-ions tuaj yeem nyem tawm Ca (OH) 2, CaSO4 thiab Fe (OH) 3 npog lub npoo ntawm pyrite ntawm ib sab, thiab tib lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem raug adsorbed ntawm qhov chaw ntawm pyrite..Vim tias pyrite muaj peev xwm hloov hluav taws xob, thaum lub peev xwm cuam tshuam ntawm pyrite ntau dua EHS / S0, HS- poob electrons nyob rau saum npoo ntawm xanthate los tsim hydrophobic elemental sulfur.Lub resulting elemental sulfur coats saum npoo ntawm cov ntxhia, yog li ua kom nws yooj yim flotation.

Thaum siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev induced flotation rau kub thiab nyiaj cov zaub mov, txij li thaum lub collector-dawb flotation ntawm kub ore ua rau tag nrho cov kev siv ntawm electrochemical txoj cai thiab hluav taws xob sib txawv ntawm cov sulfide thiab kub-silver ntxhia nto, lub collector-dawb flotation muaj ntau. qhov zoo.High selectivity, yooj yim tshuaj system.Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tshem tawm qhov tsis xaiv adsorption uas nyuaj rau kev tswj hwm hauv flotation ntawm xanthate collectors, thiab daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj ua ntej cyanide leaching kub thiab teeb meem ntawm collector film barrier kub leaching.Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, muaj ntau txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm flotation ntawm kub thiab nyiaj minerals tsis muaj cov neeg sawv cev rov qab.Kub thiab sulfide minerals nyob rau hauv kub thiab nyiaj ores feem ntau coexist, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kub thiab pyrite nyob ze.Vim tias qhov chaw ntawm pyrite muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab qee yam kev thauj khoom hluav taws xob, thiab, los ntawm kev sib piv ntawm qhov chaw electrostatic muaj peev xwm ntawm pyrite nrog HS-/S0 rau EHS-/S0, thaum pH ntawm cov ore slurry nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 8. -13, pyrite Lub peev xwm electrostatic ntawm kuv qhov chaw yog ib txwm siab dua EHS-/S0.Yog li ntawd, HS- thiab S2- ionized los ntawm Na2S nyob rau hauv lub pulp yuav tawm ntawm lub pyrite nto los tsim cov hlau sulfur.

Hauv kev lag luam tawv, sodium sulfide yog siv ntau dua.

Feem ntau siv cov hmoov tshauv-alkali ua ke kom tshem tawm cov fiber ntau interstitium hauv daim tawv nqaij, ua rau tsis muaj zog ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov plaub hau, epidermis thiab dermis, hloov cov elastic fiber ntau, rhuav tshem cov leeg nqaij, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov txheej txheem tom ntej. daim tawv nqaij;saponify cov roj nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij liab qab, tshem tawm ib feem ntawm cov roj nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij thiab pab degreasing;qhib qhov thib ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm collagen ib feem, thiaj li hais tias cov collagen fibers yuav tsum tau loosened thiab tso tawm ntau collagen active pawg;thiab tshem tawm lub tsho tiv no thiab epidermis (alkali rotten plaub hau).

Tsis txhob hais txog cov tshuaj zawv plaub hau uas muaj keeb kwm ntawm ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo.Kev tsim cov dyestuffs yog tsuas yog ua tiav los ntawm ob txoj kev tsim khoom: txoj kev ci thiab txoj kev boiling.

Sulfur dyes raug txo thiab yaj los ua cov tshuaj zas xim, thiab cov leucosomes tsim tau absorbed los ntawm cellulose fibers, thiab tom qab cua oxidation kho, cov cellulose fibers qhia cov xim xav tau.

Lub matrix ntawm sulfur dyes tsis muaj affinity rau fibers, thiab nws cov qauv muaj sulfur bonds, disulfide bonds los yog polysulfide bonds, uas yog txo mus rau sulfhydryl pawg nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sodium sulfide txo tus neeg sawv cev thiab ua dej-soluble leucosome sodium ntsev.Yog vim li cas vim li cas leucosomes muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cellulose fibers yog tias cov molecules ntawm cov dyes kuj loj, uas nyob rau hauv lem ua ntau dua Van der Waals quab yuam thiab hydrogen bonding rog nrog cov fibers.

Lub sijhawm no, sodium sulfide ntau lawm kuj tuaj yeem faib ua plaub hom: hmoov vulcanization, dej-soluble vulcanization, kua vulcanization, ib puag ncig-phooj ywg vulcanization, sulfur txo thiab dispersed vulcanization.

1. hmoov vulcanization

Cov qauv qauv ntawm cov xim yog DSSD, thiab feem ntau yuav tsum tau boiled nrog sodium sulfide thiab thov tom qab dissolving.Hom dye no yog insoluble nyob rau hauv dej, cov dye yuav raug txo kom leuco nrog alkaline txo tus neeg sawv cev, thiab yaj nyob rau hauv dej, sodium ntsev ntawm leuco yuav absorbed los ntawm fiber.

2. Dej-soluble vulcanization

Cov mis loj ntawm cov qauv dye yog D-SSO3Na.Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov xim zoo li no yog tias muaj cov dej-soluble pawg hauv cov qauv molecular ntawm cov dye, uas muaj cov solubility zoo thiab cov khoom zoo hauv qib dyeing.React cov sulfur dyes zoo tib yam nrog sodium sulfite los yog sodium bisulfite los tsim dye thiosulfate, uas muaj ib tug solubility ntawm 150g / L ntawm 20 ° C thiab yog siv rau tas mus li dyeing.Cov dej-soluble sulfur dyes yaj sai sai ntawm chav tsev kub, tsis muaj teeb meem insoluble, thiab saturated solubility txaus kom tau raws li tag nrho cov kev xav tau ntawm kev sib cais ntawm cov tshuaj dyeing.Cov dej-soluble sulfur dyes muaj qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam.Txawm li cas los xij, cov dye tsis muaj cov tshuaj txo qis thiab tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cov fibers.Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntxiv alkali sulfide thaum lub sij hawm dyeing, thiab hloov mus rau hauv lub xeev uas muaj affinity rau cellulose fibers los ntawm nucleophilic thiab txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.Feem ntau, nws yog siv rau textiles los ntawm kev ncua kev kawm ntawv pad dyeing.

3. Ua kua vulcanization

Cov qauv txheej txheem dav dav ntawm cov xim yog D-SNa, uas muaj qee yam ntawm sodium sulfide txo tus neeg saib xyuas kom txo cov xim ua ntej rau cov dej-soluble leuco.Txo cov sulfur dyes rau cov dej-soluble leuco nrog txo tus neeg sawv cev, ntxiv tus neeg saib xyuas kom txo qis ua antioxidant, ntxiv cov tshuaj tua kab mob, inorganic ntsev thiab dej softener los ua kua dye, tseem hu ua pre-txo dye.Nws tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha los ntawm diluting nrog dej.Cov dyes muaj xws li sulfur-muaj dyes, xws li Casulfon dyes uas muaj sodium sulfide, thiab kuj tsis muaj los yog tsawg heev ntawm leej faj, xws li tam sim no dyes, thiab tsis muaj sulfur-muaj dej khib nyiab thaum dyeing.

4. Ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg vulcanization

Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, nws yog refined rau hauv leucochrome, tab sis cov ntsiab lus sulfur thiab polysulfide cov ntsiab lus yog tsawg tshaj li cov sulfur dyes.Cov xim muaj purity siab, ruaj khov txo, thiab zoo permeability.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov piam thaj thiab sodium hydrosulfite yog siv los ua binary txo cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv cov xim da dej, uas tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txo cov sulfur dyes, tab sis kuj ua lub luag haujlwm ib puag ncig.

5. Kev txo cov sulfur

Feem ntau ua rau hmoov, zoo, ultrafine hmoov los yog kua dyes, haum rau polyester-paj rwb blended fabrics thiab disperse dyes nyob rau hauv tib da dej dyeing, yuav siv tau rau txo cov caustic soda, sodium hydrosulfite (los yog thiourea dioxide), es tsis txhob ntawm sodium sulfide. rau kev txo qis thiab kev sib cais, xws li Hydron Indocarbon dye.

6. Dispersion vulcanization

Disperse sulfur dyes yog ua raws li cov tshuaj sulfur thiab sulfur vat dyes, thiab yog tsim raws li kev lag luam ua qauv ntawm disperse dyes.Lawv feem ntau yog siv rau pad dyeing polyester-viscose los yog polyester-paj rwb blended fabrics nrog disperse dyes nyob rau hauv tib da dej.Muaj 16 hom Kayaku Homodye tsim los ntawm Nippon Kayaku.

Cov txheej txheem dyeing tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub theem

(1) Txo cov dyes Nws yooj yim dua rau yaj sulfur dyes.Sodium sulfide feem ntau yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev txo qis, thiab nws kuj ua raws li tus neeg sawv cev alkali.Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub cev leuco los ntawm hydrolyzed, dej qab zib tshauv thiab lwm yam tshuaj tuaj yeem ntxiv kom tsim nyog, tab sis alkalinity ntawm cov da dej txo qis yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj zog heev, txwv tsis pub cov xim yuav txo qis.

(2) Cov dye leuco hauv cov tshuaj zas xim yog absorbed los ntawm fiber ntau.Lub leuco ntawm sulfur dye muaj nyob rau hauv lub xeev anion nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj dye.Nws muaj qhov ncaj qha rau cellulose fiber ntau thiab tuaj yeem adsorbed rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm fiber ntau thiab diffused mus rau sab hauv ntawm fiber.Sulfur dye leuco muaj qhov ncaj qha qis rau cellulose fiber ntau, feem ntau siv cov da dej me me, thiab ntxiv cov electrolyte tsim nyog tib lub sijhawm, tuaj yeem ua kom cov dyeing tus nqi siab dua, thiab txhim kho qib dyeing thiab nkag mus.

(3) Kev kho oxidation Tom qab cov sulfur dye leuco dyed ntawm fiber ntau, nws yuav tsum tau oxidized kom pom cov xim uas xav tau.Oxidation yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb tom qab dyeing nrog sulfur dyes.Tom qab dyeing, yooj yim oxidized sulfur dyes tuaj yeem oxidized los ntawm huab cua tom qab ntxuav thiab ua pa, uas yog, siv cov pa oxidation;rau qee cov sulfur dyes uas tsis yooj yim oxidized, oxidizing agents yog siv los txhawb oxidation.

(4) Tom qab ua tiav Kev ua tiav tom qab ua tiav suav nrog kev tu, oiling, tiv thaiv brittleness thiab xim fixation, thiab lwm yam. Sulfur dyes yuav tsum tau ntxuav tag nrho tom qab dyeing kom txo tau cov sulfur seem ntawm cov ntaub thiab tiv thaiv cov ntaub los ntawm nkig, vim hais tias cov sulfur. nyob rau hauv cov dyeing thiab sulfur nyob rau hauv vulcanized alkali yog yooj yim oxidized nyob rau hauv cov huab cua los tsim sulfuric acid, uas yuav ua rau acid hydrolysis rau cellulose fiber thiab ua rau kev puas tsuaj.Txo lub zog thiab ua rau cov fiber ntau nkig.Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem kho nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li: urea, trisodium phosphate, pob txha kua nplaum, sodium acetate, thiab lwm yam. Txhawm rau txhim kho lub hnub ci thiab soaping ceev ntawm sulfur dyes, nws tuaj yeem kho tom qab dyeing.Muaj ob txoj hauv kev kho cov xim: kev kho cov ntsev hlau (xws li potassium dichromate, tooj liab sulfate, tooj liab acetate thiab sib tov ntawm cov ntsev) thiab cationic xim kho tus neeg saib xyuas (xws li xim kho tus neeg saib xyuas Y).Hauv kev tsim khoom, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov tshuaj pleev xim M, uas yog sib xyaw los ntawm cationic xim-kho tus neeg saib xyuas thiab tooj liab ntsev, uas tuaj yeem txo cov pa phem ntawm chromium.

l Sodium sulfide: Thov xyuam xim rau cov no thaum siv!

“Koj puas tu siab vim koj nyuaj siab?”

Sodium Sulfide nod tab sis tsis hais, tab sis lub suab nrov dua

"Tab sis, qhov ntawd zoo."

Sodium sulfide ntsia tus txiv neej, uas hnav khaub ncaws tiv thaiv corrosion, lub npog ntsej muag roj thiab hnab looj tes roj hmab

"Saib, cov no yooj yim heev thiab tsis muaj teeb meem txhua."

“Tsis yog, nws nyuaj heev.Koj yuav tsum hnav khaub ncaws ua haujlwm tiv thaiv corrosion, lub npog ntsej muag roj, thiab hnab looj tes roj hmab.Tej yam uas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.Koj muaj kev ceev faj ntau.Yog koj tsis ceev faj ces koj yuav raug mob.Koj yuav tsum tau nrog lawv thaum siv.pov tseg roj thiab dej khib nyiab. "

“Txawm li cas los xij, kuv muaj kev daws teeb meem.Kuv tsis tas yuav raug mob, thiab kuv tuaj yeem daws tau zoo heev.

Yog tias kuv ua yuam kev nws nchuav rau ntawm kuv cov khaub ncaws, kuv tsuas yog yuav tsum tshem cov khaub ncaws tsis huv tam sim ntawd, yaug nrog dej kom ntau li 15 feeb thiab mam li mus ntsib kws kho mob;Yog tias kuv kov lub qhov muag yuam kev, kuv tuaj yeem nqa daim tawv muag tam sim ntawd thiab ntxuav nrog dej kom ntau los yog cov kua qaub ib txwm yaug kom huv si tsawg kawg 15 feeb ua ntej nrhiav kev kho mob;yog tias nqus tau pa, kuv yuav sai sai tawm ntawm qhov chaw thiab mus rau qhov chaw uas muaj huab cua ntshiab kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm txoj hlab pa.Yog tias ua pa nyuaj, hu rau oxygen dua.Yog tias ua tsis taus pa, ua pa tawm tam sim ntawd thiab nrhiav kev kho mob;yog tias nqos tau yuam kev, kuv yuav yaug qhov ncauj nrog dej, haus mis nyuj lossis qe dawb, thiab tom qab ntawd nrhiav kev kho mob.“

"Tab sis kuv tseem yog flammable!"

"Kuv paub, koj yog ib yam khoom combustion uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xeev tsis muaj dej, thiab cov plua plav yog yooj yim rau spontaneously combust nyob rau hauv cov huab cua.Nws yuav decompose thaum nws ntsib cov kua qaub thiab tso tawm cov pa taws.Nws tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom tawg thaum nws nyob hauv cov hmoov hmoov, thiab cov tshuaj aqueous kuj yog corrosive thiab tsis tshua muaj tshuaj lom.Muaj zog irritant.Thaum 100 ° C koj pib evaporate, thiab cov chav tuaj yeem tua iav. "

Thaum hnov li no, Nau Xes txawm tu siab heev.Lub taub hau uas tau tsa los tam sim no twb poob lawm, tsis txhob ntsia tus neeg hais lus dua.

“Tab sis nws tsis muaj teeb meem, tsuav yog dej, dej pos huab, thiab xuab zeb tuaj yeem tua hluav taws.Yog tias muaj qhov xau, cais thaj chaw muaj kab mob, muab lub ntsej muag puv ntsej muag thiab tiv thaiv cov kua qaub thiab alkali ua hauj lwm khaub ncaws thiab nkag mus rau qhov chaw los ntawm cua sab saud.Lub shovel yog sau rau hauv qhuav, huv si, npog lub thawv, lossis yaug nrog dej ntau, diluted thiab muab tso rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab.Yog tias nws yog qhov xau loj, nws tsuas tuaj yeem sau thiab rov ua dua lossis thauj mus rau qhov chaw pov tseg pov tseg.Tab sis cov no yog tag nrho Nws yog qhov kev paub uas peb tau kawm ua ntej, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm peb lub tuam txhab tau dhau los ua haujlwm thiab kev kawm thiab kev cob qhia kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tshwm sim.Tsis txhob txhawj, cia ib leeg xav tias txhaum, nws tsis yog koj qhov txhaum!”

Tom qab ib pliag, Sodium Sulfide tsa nws lub taub hau thiab hais tias: “Tab sis koj yuav tsum ceev faj!Txawm hais tias koj tau kawm qhov no, koj kuj yuav tsum tau ceev faj, nws yog qhov txaus ntshai heev rau kev siv kuv. "

l Sodium sulfide: Yog tias koj xav coj kuv tawm, thov ua tib zoo mloog!

"Puag thiab thauj cov sodium sulfide tam sim no.Koj paub txhua yam kev ceev faj.Koj paub cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb thiab ntim khoom!”

“Yog!”

Ib pliag, lub Hoobkas pib tsis khoom.

Sodium sulfide yog nruj nreem kaw hauv 0.5 hli tuab steel nruas, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm txhua lub nruas tsis pub tshaj 100 kg.Tom qab ntim khoom, nws tau thauj khoom ntawm lub gondola.

Cov neeg soj ntsuam kev ruaj ntseg hauv kev tsheb ciav hlau sib sau cov khoom txaus ntshai raws li cov khoom txaus ntshai sib sau ua ke hauv Ministry of Railways '"Txoj Cai Tsheb Thauj Khoom Tsis Txaus Siab".Thaum lub sij hawm xa khoom, cov neeg ua hauj lwm nruj me ntsis xyuas qhov kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub ntim, thiab tseem xyuas kom meej tias nws tsis yog tov nrog oxidants, acids, zaub mov chemicals, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsheb kuj muaj xws li cov hom thiab ntau npaum li cas. cov khoom siv tua hluav taws thiab cov khoom siv kho mob thaum muaj xwm ceev.

Thaum nyob hauv lub tsheb, Na S pab tsis tau tab sis xav txog tej yam uas ib tug neeg hais rau nws ua ntej tawm mus

Nws hais tias, “Tej zaum koj xav tias koj muaj tshuaj lom heev thiab muaj corrosive, tab sis koj yuav tsum paub tias koj muaj ntau yam siv, thiab peb kuj yuav qhia rau tus neeg tuaj tos koj txog yam nws yuav tsum xyuam xim rau.Txhua yam koj yuav tau ua yog ceev faj.Ua koj lub luag haujlwm, cia peb txoj kev saib xyuas tsim nyog, cia peb pom koj lub zog, qhov no txaus. "

Thaum Sodium Sulfide nyob twj ywm hauv qhov kub thiab txias dua, nws tseem yuav xav kom ntub dej, tab sis nws tsis xav tias dhuav, tab sis tos tsis tau los pab nws tus tswv tshiab ua tiav txoj haujlwm!

Koj puas paub txog sodium sulfide?

Raws li peb txhua tus paub, sodium sulfide yog tshuaj lom thiab corrosive, tab sis nws tau siv dav hauv ntau lub teb, yog li koj puas to taub cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm sodium sulfide?

l Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm sodium sulfide

Ntshiab sodium sulfide yog cov xim tsis muaj xim crystalline hmoov nrog muaj zog hygroscopicity thiab yooj yim soluble hauv dej.Cov tshuaj aqueous muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv alkaline muaj zog thiab yuav ua rau kub hnyiab thaum nws kov cov tawv nqaij thiab plaub hau, yog li sodium sulfide kuj hu ua alkali sulfide.Sodium sulfide aqueous tov yuav maj mam oxidize rau hauv sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium sulfate thiab sodium polysulfide hauv huab cua.Cov xim ntawm kev lag luam sodium sulfide yog xim liab, xim av liab, thiab khaki vim impurities.Yellow flaky sodium sulfide nrog hydrogen sulfide tsw thiab hygroscopicity.Nws hloov daj mus rau xim av-dub thaum raug lub teeb thiab nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, thiab maj mam tsim hydrogen sulfide, uas yuav decomposed thaum ntsib acid los yog carbonic acid.Nws yooj yim soluble hauv dej, me ntsis soluble hauv ethanol, thiab insoluble hauv ether.Cov tshuaj aqueous yog alkaline, thiab cov tshuaj yuav maj mam ua sodium thiosulfate thiab sodium hydroxide thaum muab tso rau hauv huab cua.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm sodium sulfide hauv kuv lub teb chaws muaj keeb kwm ntev thiab kev nplua nuj.Kev tsim cov sodium sulfide tau pib hauv xyoo 1830, thiab kev tsim khoom me me tau pib ua ntej los ntawm lub Hoobkas tshuaj hauv Dalian, Liaoning.Los ntawm xyoo 1980 mus txog rau nruab nrab-1990s, nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg thoob ntiaj teb, kev lag luam hauv teb chaws sodium sulfide tau hloov pauv tseem ceeb.Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tuam ntxhab thiab cov nplai tau nce zuj zus, thiab kev loj hlob sai.Lub chaw tsim khoom ntawm sodium sulfide nyob hauv Yuncheng, Shanxi tau nthuav dav mus rau ntau tshaj 10 lub xeev thiab cheeb tsam xws li Yunnan, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, thiab Shaanxi.Lub teb chaws txhua xyoo tsim muaj peev xwm nce los ntawm 420,000 tons nyob rau hauv lig 1980s mus rau 640,000 tons nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1990s.Nws cov khoom tsim tawm sai tshaj plaws hauv Inner Mongolia, Gansu, thiab Xinjiang hauv Northwest Tuam Tshoj.Lub peev xwm ntau lawm ntawm Inner Mongolia tau mus txog 200,000 tons, thiab nws tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus loj tshaj plaws ntawm sodium sulfide cov khoom hauv Suav teb.

Txij li thaum peb lub tuam txhab pib hu rau cov khoom siv sodium sulfide, peb tau mus txog kev koom tes nrog ntau lub tuam txhab thiab tau txais kev ntsuam xyuas siab heev.Peb tuaj yeem lav cov khoom zoo thiab kev thauj mus los thiab lwm yam teeb meem, "kev pabcuam zoo", "cov khoom ua ntej" thiab "cov neeg siv khoom ua ntej" Nws yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus peb ib txwm ua raws li!

l Kev siv ntawm sodium sulfide:

1. Kev lag luam dyeing yog siv los tsim cov tshuaj zawv plaub hau, thiab yog cov khoom siv raw rau sulfur xiav thiab sulfur xiav.

2. Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam luam ntawv thiab dyeing, nws yog siv los ua dyeing pab rau dissolving sulfur dyes.

3. Hauv kev lag luam ntawv, nws yog siv los ua tus neeg ua zaub mov rau ntawv.

4. Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam textile, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv denitrification ntawm tib neeg tsim fibers thiab txo cov nitrates, thiab raws li ib tug mordant rau paj rwb ntaub dyeing.

5. Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tanning, nws yog siv rau hydrolysis depilate raw hides, thiab nws kuj yog siv los npaj sodium polysulfide kom ceev lub soaking ntawm qhuav hides thiab soften lawv.

6. Kev lag luam electroplating yog siv rau kev kho cov txheej txheem conductive hauv cov electroplating ncaj qha, los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm sodium sulfide thiab palladium los ua colloidal palladium sulfide kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem zoo ntawm cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau.

7. Kev lag luam kws tshuaj yog siv los tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob xws li phenacetin.

8. Kuj tseem muaj qee yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam tub rog.

9. Nyob rau hauv cov ntxhia flotation, sodium sulfide yog inhibitor ntawm feem ntau sulfide ores, sulfide tus neeg sawv cev ntawm non-ferrous hlau oxide ores, thiab deagent ntawm mix concentrates sulfide ores.

10. Hauv kev kho dej, feem ntau yog siv los kho electroplating lossis lwm yam dej khib nyiab uas muaj cov hlau ions, thiab siv cov sulfur ions los ua cov hlau ions kom tshem tawm cov hlau ions, xws li germanium, tin, lead, nyiaj, cadmium, tooj liab, mercury, zinc. , manganese tos.Txoj kev nag lossis daus ntawm sodium sulfide tuaj yeem rov qab tau cov hlau tseem ceeb hauv cov dej khib nyiab hnyav.

11. Ntxiv qhov tsim nyog ntawm sodium sulfide rau alkaline etching tov ntawm aluminium thiab alloys tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw etched, thiab nws tseem tuaj yeem siv los tshem tawm alkali-soluble hnyav hlau impurities xws li zinc hauv alkaline etching tov. .

12. Nws yog cov khoom siv raw ntawm sodium thiosulfate, sodium polysulfide, sulfur dyes, thiab lwm yam.

13. Ntsuam xyuas dej hardness hauv nitrogen chiv ntau lawm.

Paub meej:

Kev lag luam metallurgical:

1) Kev tshem tawm cov impurities nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj leachate Thaum soj ntsuam nrog weathering crust elution-hom tsawg lub ntiaj teb ore, tom qab leaching thiab leaching nrog ib tug muaj zog electrolyte tov, lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj leachate tau txais feem ntau muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm impurity ions, xws li Al3+, Fe3+ , Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, thiab lwm yam. Thaum siv cov txheej txheem oxalic acid nag lossis daus, cov impurities no yuav inevitably tsim oxalate nag lossis daus thiab hloov mus rau cov khoom tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb, cuam tshuam rau purity ntawm cov khoom.Ntxiv mus, txhawm rau kom tsis txhob emulsification hauv cov txheej txheem tom qab rho tawm, cov impurity ions hauv cov kua pub yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ua ntej.Cov khoom solubility tas li ntawm ntau cov hlau sulfide precipitates tau pom nyob rau hauv cov lus txuas.Thaum Na2S ntxiv rau lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj eluate, hnyav hlau ions Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, thiab lwm yam hauv cov tshuaj tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm zoo.Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias kev tswj cov pH ntawm txog 5 thiab ntxiv Na2S rau lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj eluate tshem tawm impurities tsis tsuas yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tshem tawm impurities, tab sis kuj tsis poob lub ntiaj teb tsawg.

2) Siv Na2S tshem tawm arsenic.Arsenic feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov hauv daim ntawv ntawm sulfide.Thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem pyrometallurgy, feem ntau ntawm cov arsenic volatilizes rau hauv flue roj thiab plua plav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov emission ncaj qha ntawm tsawg-concentration SO2 yuav ua paug ib puag ncig.Yog li ntawd, kev tshem tawm arsenic yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej flue gas tom qab kho los yog khoob.Siv cov tshuaj Na2S los nqus SO2 flue roj, kom As3 + thiab S2- daim ntawv As2S3 precipitate (Ksp = 2.1 × 10-22), ntawm pH siab dua (pH> 8), As2S3 tuaj yeem yaj los ua As3S3-6 lossis AsS2- 3, piv nrog Thaum qis pH, cov tshuaj yuav tsim H2S roj.Kev tshawb fawb ntawm Yin Aijun et al.[4] qhia tau hais tias thaum pH ntawm cov tshuaj raug tswj nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 2.0 mus rau 5.5, lub sij hawm tshuaj tiv thaiv yog 50 feeb, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub yog 30 mus rau 50 ° C, thiab cov flocculant ntxiv, tus nqi tshem tawm arsenic tuaj yeem ncav cuag. 90%.% saum toj no.Hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj dawb carbon dub, txhawm rau txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm impurity arsenic nyob rau hauv cov concentrated sulfuric acid ntawm cov khoom siv raw, sodium sulfide yog ntxiv rau cov concentrated sulfuric acid los ua As3 + daim ntawv As2S3 thiab precipitate thiab tshem tawm nws.Kev xyaum ntau lawm qhia tau hais tias sodium sulfide tshem tawm arsenic tsis tsuas yog nrog ceev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ceev, tab sis kuj nrog tag nrho tshem tawm ntawm arsenic.Cov ntsiab lus ntawm arsenic hauv sulfuric acid tom qab tshem tawm arsenic tsawg dua 0.5 × 10-6, thiab cov ntsiab lus arsenic ntawm cov carbon dub uas ua nrog cov khoom siv raw no yog ≤0.0003%, uas ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm Tebchaws Meskas Pharmacopoeia.

Kev kho dej:

Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb los daws cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj mercury uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij heev rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.Hauv kev lag luam dej qab zib, cov ntsiab lus mercury hauv cov dej khib nyiab feem ntau yog siab, tshaj li tus qauv thoob ntiaj teb (0.05mg / L).Hauv cov tshuaj tsis muaj zog (pH 8-11), mercury ions tuaj yeem tsim insoluble precipitates nrog sodium sulfide.Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov lus txuas uas cov khoom solubility ntawm HgS tsawg heev (Ksp = 1.6 × 10-52).Los ntawm kev tshawb fawb, nws tau txiav txim siab tias cov txiaj ntsig kev kho mob yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thaum tus nqi ntawm Na2S nyob tas li thiab tus nqi pH raug tswj ntawm 9-10, thiab Hg2 + hauv cov dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem txo qis dua lub teb chaws tus qauv (0.05mg / L).Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm kev ntxiv FeSO4 los tsim Fe (OH) 2 thiab Fe (OH) 3 colloids hauv dej, cov colloids no tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog adsorb mercury ions, tab sis kuj cuab thiab lub tsho tiv no tshem tawm HgS cov khoom, ua lub luag haujlwm zoo hauv coagulation thiab nag lossis daus. .Cov sediment tsis yooj yim rau kev qias neeg ob zaug thiab yooj yim rau kev pov tseg.

Electroplating kev lag luam:

1) Na2S yog siv los ua lub teeb ci hauv electroplating:

Sodium sulfide yog yaj nyob rau hauv dej thiab ionized rau hauv zoo nqi sodium ions (Na +) thiab tsis zoo them sulfide ions (S2-).Thaum lub sij hawm electroplating txheej txheem, muaj S2- nyob rau hauv cov electrolyte yuav txhawb cathode polarization.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm tam sim no Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cathode nrawm nrawm.Lub deposition ceev kuj ceev, lub sib sib zog nqus plating muaj peev xwm yog nce, lub txheej yog refined, thiab lub nto ntawm lub plated ib feem ua brighter correspondingly.

2) Sodium sulfide tshem tawm impurities hauv electrolyte:

Thaum lub sij hawm electroplating ntau lawm, ntau los yog tsawg impurities nyob rau hauv raw cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug coj mus rau hauv lub plating tov.Cov impurities no txawv nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov electrodes, thiab cov impurities nrog qis peev xwm yuav muab tso rau saum npoo ntawm plated ib feem ua ke nrog Zn2 +, cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm cov plated txheej.Tom qab ntxiv sodium sulfide, S2- nyob rau hauv sodium sulfide tuaj yeem tsim precipitates nrog hlau impurity ions, tiv thaiv impurities los ntawm kev koom nrog cov tshuaj electrochemical thiab ua rau cov txheej ci ci.

3) Siv cov tshuaj Na2S rau flue gas desulfurization

Tam sim no, txoj kev rov qab los ntawm SO2 hauv cov pa roj flue feem ntau yog hloov SO2 rau hauv H2SO4, kua SO2 thiab cov tshuaj sulfur.Elemental sulfur kuj yog ib qho khoom zoo rau kev rov ua dua tshiab vim nws yooj yim ntawm kev tuav thiab kev thauj mus los.Cov txheej txheem tshiab los tsim cov tshuaj sulfur los ntawm kev siv H2S ua los ntawm cov tshuaj Na2S ua tus neeg saib xyuas kom txo tau SO2.Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov yooj yim thiab tsis tas yuav haus cov tshuaj txo qis xws li cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab cov pa roj carbon tsawg xws li cov thev naus laus zis ntau lawm.Thaum pH ntawm cov tshuaj poob mus rau 8.5-7.5, absorbing SO2 nrog Na2S yuav tsim H2S, thiab H2S thiab SO2 yuav undergo ntub Claus cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov kua theem.

Mineral processing kev lag luam:

1) Sodium sulfide ua inhibitor:

Cov nyhuv inhibitory ntawm sodium sulfide ntawm sulfide ore feem ntau ntseeg tias yog vim muaj ob yam.Ib qho yog Na2S hydrolyzes los tsim HS-, HS- tsis suav xanthate adsorbed rau saum npoo ntawm sulfide minerals, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws yog adsorbed rau ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av kom nce hydrophilicity ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av;Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws tau txiav txim siab tias cov nyhuv inhibitory ntawm Na2S tsis yog tsuas yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov adsorption ntawm HS- ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av, tab sis kuj muaj feem xyuam rau S2- tsim los ntawm ionization ntawm Na2S hauv cov tshuaj aqueous.

2) Sodium sulfide ua activator:

Cov kev tshawb fawb flotation ntawm smithsonite-limonite system qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv limonite amine flotation, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qis pH, amine yuav adsorbed ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av los ntawm electrostatic quab yuam.Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntxiv Na2S, FeS zaj duab xis yog tsim rau saum npoo ntawm limonite.Txij li thaum FeS zaj duab xis tuaj yeem ua rau kom cov adsorption ntawm molecular amines ntawm pH siab dua, FeS reagent hais tuaj yeem siv rau flotation, thiab limonite tuaj yeem depleted ntawm pH siab.Amine flotation tau ua.Tsis tas li ntawd, Na2S tuaj yeem siv los ua lub zog ua haujlwm rau tooj liab oxide minerals.Thaum ib qho nyiaj tsim nyog ntawm Na2S ntxiv rau cov tshuaj flotation, cov dissociated S2- tau txais kev hloov pauv nrog cov lattice anions ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av oxidized los ua ib zaj duab xis sulfide rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tooj liab oxide ntxhia, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. adsorption ntawm xanthate collectors.Txawm li cas los xij, tooj liab sulfide zaj duab xis tsim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm tooj liab oxide ore tsis ruaj khov, thiab nws yooj yim los poob thaum lub nplawm muaj zog.Thaum soj ntsuam nrog Totozui tooj liab mine nyob rau hauv Daye, Hubei (tooj liab-muaj cov zaub mov tsuas yog tsim los ntawm malachite), txoj kev flotation ntawm kev ntxiv Na2S nyob rau hauv ntau theem thiab rho tawm cov concentrate ntawm ntau lub ntsiab lus txo cov kev ncig ntawm nruab nrab ore, thiab tooj liab concentrate. Qib piv Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm tau txhim kho los ntawm 2.1%, thiab cov tooj liab thiab kub rov qab tau nce 25.98% thiab 10.81% raws li.Na2S kuj tseem siv tau los ua lub flotation activator rau pyrite suppressed los ntawm peralkali txiv qaub nyob rau hauv lub perkalime system.Nyob rau hauv lub siab alkali system, nto ntawm pyrite yog them nrog hydrophilic calcium zaj duab xis (Ca(OH) 2, CaSO4), uas inhibits nws flotation.Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias tom qab ntxiv Na2S, cov hydrolyzed HS-ions tuaj yeem nyem tawm Ca (OH) 2, CaSO4 thiab Fe (OH) 3 npog lub npoo ntawm pyrite ntawm ib sab, thiab tib lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem raug adsorbed ntawm qhov chaw ntawm pyrite..Vim tias pyrite muaj peev xwm hloov hluav taws xob, thaum lub peev xwm cuam tshuam ntawm pyrite ntau dua EHS / S0, HS- poob electrons nyob rau saum npoo ntawm xanthate los tsim hydrophobic elemental sulfur.Lub resulting elemental sulfur coats saum npoo ntawm cov ntxhia, yog li ua kom nws yooj yim flotation.

3) Sodium sulfide yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev flotation rau kub thiab nyiaj ntxhia:

Txij li thaum lub collector-free flotation ntawm kub ore ua rau tag nrho cov siv ntawm lub electrochemical txoj cai thiab cov electron sib txawv nyob rau saum npoo ntawm sulfide thiab kub-nyiaj minerals, lub collector-free flotation muaj ntau dua selectivity thiab yooj yim reagent system.Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tshem tawm qhov tsis xaiv adsorption uas nyuaj rau kev tswj hwm hauv flotation ntawm xanthate collectors, thiab daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj ua ntej cyanide leaching kub thiab teeb meem ntawm collector film barrier kub leaching.Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, muaj ntau txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm flotation ntawm kub thiab nyiaj minerals tsis muaj cov neeg sawv cev rov qab.Kub thiab sulfide minerals nyob rau hauv kub thiab nyiaj ores feem ntau coexist, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kub thiab pyrite nyob ze.Vim tias qhov chaw ntawm pyrite muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab qee yam kev thauj khoom hluav taws xob, thiab, los ntawm kev sib piv ntawm qhov chaw electrostatic muaj peev xwm ntawm pyrite nrog HS-/S0 rau EHS-/S0, thaum pH ntawm cov ore slurry nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 8. -13, pyrite Lub peev xwm electrostatic ntawm kuv qhov chaw yog ib txwm siab dua EHS-/S0.Yog li ntawd, HS- thiab S2- ionized los ntawm Na2S nyob rau hauv lub pulp yuav tawm ntawm lub pyrite nto los tsim cov hlau sulfur.

Tawvkev lag luamry:

Siv txoj kev sib xyaw grey-alkali:

(1) Ntshiab txiv qaub alkali txoj kev: ua ke ntawm sodium sulfide thiab txiv qaub;

(2) Alkali-alkali txoj kev: ua ke ntawm sodium sulfide, caustic soda, thiab slaked txiv qaub (feem ntau yog siv rau liming ntawm nyuj tawv thiab npua).Vim muaj zog alkalinity ntawm caustic soda, tam sim no tanning ntau lawm yeej tsis tsuas yog rau zus tau tej cov npua tawv, tab sis kuj rau liming.Siv tsawg caustic soda;

(3) Txoj kev ua kua qaub-alkali-ntsev: raws li txoj kev ntshiab tshauv-alkali, ntxiv cov ntsev nruab nrab, xws li calcium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, thiab lwm yam.;

(4) Enzymatic lim.

Rau:

1. Tshem tawm cov interdermal fibrous matrix, ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov plaub hau, epidermis thiab dermis, hloov elastic fibers, rhuav tshem cov leeg nqaij, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm daim tawv nqaij hauv cov txheej txheem tom ntej;

2. Saponify cov roj nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij liab qab, tshem tawm ib feem ntawm cov roj nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, thiab ua lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv degreasing;

3. Qhib cov ntawv cog lus thib ob ntawm qhov collagen, kom cov collagen fibers tau zoo loosened thiab ntau collagen active pab pawg raug tso tawm;

4. Tshem tawm lub tsho tiv no thiab cuticle (alkali rotten plaub hau).

Kev lag luam xim:

Sulfur dyes muaj keeb kwm ntau tshaj 100 xyoo txij li thaum lawv yug los.Thawj cov tshuaj zawv plaub hau tau tsim los ntawm Croissant thiab Bretonniere hauv xyoo 1873. Lawv ua ke cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov organic fibers, xws li ntoo chips, humus, bran, khib nyiab paj rwb thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg, thiab lwm yam yog tau los ntawm cua sov nrog alkali sulfide thiab polysulfide.Qhov tsaus nti, qias neeg hygroscopic dye muaj qhov tsis ruaj khov thiab yooj yim soluble hauv dej.Thaum dyeing paj rwb nrog alkaline da dej thiab alkali sulfide da dej, ib tug ntsuab dye yog tau.Cov paj rwb tuaj yeem tig xim av thaum raug huab cua lossis tshuaj lom neeg oxidized nrog cov tshuaj dichromate los kho cov xim.Vim tias cov dyes muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dyeing thiab tus nqi qis, lawv tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev lag luam paj rwb dyeing.

Xyoo 1893, R.Vikal melted p-aminophenol nrog sodium sulfide thiab sulfur los ua dub sulfur dyes.Nws kuj pom tau tias qee cov benzene thiab naphthalene derivatives tuaj yeem yaj nrog sulfur thiab sodium sulfide los tsim ntau yam xim dub sulfur.xim.Txij thaum ntawd los, tib neeg tau tsim xiav, liab thiab ntsuab sulfur dyes ntawm lub hauv paus no.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txoj kev npaj thiab dyeing txheej txheem kuj tau zoo heev.Cov dej-soluble sulfur dyes, kua sulfur dyes thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg sulfur dyes tau tshwm sim ib tom qab, ua rau sulfur dyes tau vam meej.

Sulfur dyes tam sim no yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv dav siv ntau tshaj plaws.Raws li cov lus ceeb toom, cov zis ntawm sulfur dyes nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no mus txog ntau tshaj 100,000 tons, thiab cov hom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog sulfur dub dyes.Tam sim no, cov zis ntawm sulfur dub tso nyiaj rau 75% ~ 85% ntawm tag nrho cov zis ntawm sulfur dyes.Vim nws yooj yim synthesis, tsis tshua muaj nqi, zoo ceev ceev thiab tsis muaj carcinogenicity, nws yog txaus siab los ntawm printing thiab dyeing manufacturers.Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv dyeing ntawm paj rwb thiab lwm yam cellulose fibers, thiab dub thiab xiav series yog cov feem ntau lug siv.

Muaj ob txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tsim cov sulfur dyes:

1) Txoj kev ci, ci amines, phenols los yog nitro compounds ntawm raw aromatic hydrocarbons nrog sulfur los yog sodium polysulfide ntawm kub kub los npaj daj, txiv kab ntxwv thiab xim av sulfur dyes.

2) Txoj kev boiling, cua sov thiab boil lub amines, phenols los yog nitro tebchaw ntawm raw aromatic hydrocarbons thiab sodium polysulfide nyob rau hauv dej los yog organic solvents los npaj dub, xiav thiab ntsuab sulfur dyes.

Kev faib tawm

1) hmoov vulcanization

2) Dej-soluble vulcanization

3) Ua kua vulcanization

4) Ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg vulcanization

5) Sulfur txo

6) Dispersion vulcanization

Structure Dyeing Mechanism

Sulfur dyes yog ib hom sulfur-muaj dyes.Cov molecule muaj cov sulfur bonds uas muaj ob los yog ntau dua sulfur atoms.Thaum ua ntawv thov, nws raug txo mus rau lub cev leuco, kom nws tuaj yeem yaj hauv dej thiab zas cov fiber ntau.Cov yam ntxwv ntawm sulfur dyeing sib txawv nrog rau hom dyeing.Sulfur dyes muaj kev ntxuav ceev ceev thiab muaj zog siv tau.Txawm hais tias qhov nrawm nrawm thiab vividness tsis zoo li cov dyes reactive, lawv cov staining ceev thiab lub teeb nrawm zoo dua li cov dyes reactive, thiab sulfur dyes siv ntsev tsawg thiab haus dej tsawg dua thaum dyeing.ob peb.Sulfur dyes yog cov organic tebchaw uas muaj nitro thiab amino pawg, feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm reacting nrog sulfur thiab sodium sulfide ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.Ntau cov sulfur dyes tsis muaj cov qauv tshuaj tseeb.Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus dyeing ntawm sulfur dyes zoo ib yam li vat dyes.Lawv tsim cov dej-soluble leucosomes uas muaj affinity nrog fibers rau dye fibers los ntawm cov tshuaj txo cov tshuaj, thiab ces khi nruj nreem rau fibers los ntawm oxidation.

Sulfur dyes yog insoluble nyob rau hauv dej, thiab sodium sulfide los yog lwm yam uas yuav tsum tau txo cov dyes rau soluble leucosomes thaum dyeing.Nws muaj affinity rau cov fiber ntau thiab dyes cov fiber, thiab tom qab ntawd rov qab nws cov insoluble lub xeev tom qab oxidation thiab xim kev loj hlob thiab kho ntawm fiber.Yog li sulfur dye kuj yog ib hom vat dye.Sulfur dyes tuaj yeem siv rau dyeing paj rwb, linen, viscose thiab lwm yam fibers.Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yog qhov yooj yim, tus nqi qis, thiab nws tuaj yeem dye ib xim lossis sib xyaw xim.Nws muaj lub teeb nrawm nrawm thiab tsis zoo hnav nrawm.Muaj qhov tsis muaj xim liab thiab ntshav hauv cov xim spectrum, thiab xim yog tsaus, haum rau dyeing tuab xim.

Dyeing mechanism

Txheej txheem:

Cov txheej txheem dyeing tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub theem hauv qab no:

1) Txo cov dyes Nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau dissolve sulfur dyes.Sodium sulfide feem ntau yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev txo qis, thiab nws kuj ua raws li tus neeg sawv cev alkali.Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub cev leuco los ntawm hydrolyzed, dej qab zib tshauv thiab lwm yam tshuaj tuaj yeem ntxiv kom tsim nyog, tab sis alkalinity ntawm cov da dej txo qis yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj zog heev, txwv tsis pub cov xim yuav txo qis.

2) Cov dye leuco nyob rau hauv dyeing tov yog absorbed los ntawm fiber.Lub leuco ntawm sulfur dye muaj nyob rau hauv lub xeev anion nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj dyeing.Nws muaj qhov ncaj qha rau cellulose fiber ntau thiab tuaj yeem adsorbed rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm fiber ntau thiab diffused mus rau sab hauv ntawm fiber.Sulfur dye leuco muaj qhov ncaj qha qis rau cellulose fiber ntau, feem ntau siv cov da dej me me, thiab ntxiv cov electrolyte tsim nyog tib lub sijhawm, tuaj yeem ua kom cov dyeing tus nqi siab dua, thiab txhim kho qib dyeing thiab nkag mus.

3) Kev kho oxidation Tom qab cov sulfur dye leuco dyed ntawm fiber ntau, nws yuav tsum tau oxidized kom pom cov xim uas xav tau.Oxidation yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb tom qab dyeing nrog sulfur dyes.Tom qab dyeing, yooj yim oxidized sulfur dyes tuaj yeem oxidized los ntawm huab cua tom qab ntxuav thiab ua pa, uas yog, siv cov pa oxidation;rau qee cov sulfur dyes uas tsis yooj yim oxidized, oxidizing agents yog siv los txhawb oxidation.

4) Tom qab ua tiav Post-processing muaj xws li ntxuav, oiling, anti-brittleness thiab xim fixation, thiab lwm yam. Sulfur dyes yuav tsum tau ntxuav tag nrho tom qab dyeing kom txo tau cov seem ntawm leej faj ntawm cov ntaub thiab tiv thaiv cov ntaub los ntawm nkig, vim hais tias cov sulfur nyob rau hauv cov dye thiab sulfur nyob rau hauv vulcanized alkali yog yooj yim oxidized nyob rau hauv cov huab cua los tsim sulfuric acid, uas yuav ua rau acid hydrolysis rau cellulose fiber thiab ua rau kev puas tsuaj.Txo lub zog thiab ua kom cov fiber ntau nkig.Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem kho nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li: urea, trisodium phosphate, pob txha kua nplaum, sodium acetate, thiab lwm yam. Txhawm rau txhim kho lub hnub ci thiab soaping ceev ntawm sulfur dyes, nws tuaj yeem kho tom qab dyeing.Muaj ob txoj hauv kev kho cov xim: kev kho cov ntsev hlau (xws li potassium dichromate, tooj liab sulfate, tooj liab acetate thiab sib tov ntawm cov ntsev) thiab cationic xim kho tus neeg saib xyuas (xws li xim kho tus neeg saib xyuas Y).Hauv kev tsim khoom, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov tshuaj pleev xim M, uas yog sib xyaw los ntawm cationic xim-kho tus neeg saib xyuas thiab tooj liab ntsev, uas tuaj yeem txo cov pa phem ntawm chromium.

Teeb meem:

Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntawm sulfur dyes yog luv luv, tus nqi qis, thiab ceev ceev yog qhov zoo, tab sis vim nws tseem muaj ntau yam tsis txaus thiab teeb meem hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv tiag tiag, nws tseem tsis tuaj yeem siv ntau yam ntaub.

Sodium sulfide yog siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm sulfur dyes, thiab nws yog heev.Ib feem ntawm sodium sulfide yog siv los txo cov dyes, tab sis qhov ntau dhau yuav tsim cov sulfur-muaj cov dej khib nyiab.Cov dej khib nyiab dyeing muaj cov ntsiab lus sulfur siab.Cov dej khib nyiab tsis tuaj yeem kho tau tag nrho, thiab cov dej ntws tawm tsis zoo yog qhov nyuaj ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.Yog tias nws raug tso tawm ncaj qha, hydrogen sulfide yuav raug tso tawm, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov kab mob, thiab tseem yuav ua rau cov dej phwj tuaj thiab tso cov ntxhiab tsw, uas yuav ua rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv (dye nws tus kheej yog qhov tsis zoo rau tib neeg lub cev. rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus neeg siv thiab nws suav hais tias yog cov xim tsis muaj tshuaj lom).

Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem ntawm cov dej khib nyiab, lub Hoobkas yuav tsum tau nqis peev nyiaj ntau, uas tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom cov nqi tsim khoom, tab sis kuj yooj yim tsim cov pa roj hydrogen sulfide thaum lub sij hawm dyeing txheej txheem.Thaum nws ncav cuag ib theem ntawm huab cua, nws tuaj yeem ua rau kiv taub hau, mob plawv, xeev siab, thiab lwm yam. Muaj kev phom sij.

Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev maj mam poob ntawm sulfur dyes.Vim hais tias sulfur dyes yog insoluble nyob rau hauv dej, dyed fabrics tsis resistant mus rau rubbing thiab tsis resistant rau chlorine bleaching.Thiab vim hais tias ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm sulfide siv rau dyeing tseem nyob rau hauv cov khoom dyed, cov khoom tiav yog nkig vim oxidation ntawm huab cua los tsim sulfate radicals thaum lub sij hawm cia.Cov dyed teeb meem ntawm feem ntau siv dub sulfur dye yog nkig thaum lub sij hawm cia.Vim tias kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj sulfur dye dissolution, cov khoom ua kua tau tsim nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, tab sis lawv tsuas yog ua ntej txo cov sulfur dyes uas tau yaj.Ordinary sulfur dyes yog cov khoom txaus ntshai uas muaj zog alkalinity thiab tsw, tsis zoo cia ruaj khov, yooj yim rau stain thiab nyuaj rau ntxuav tawm vim lawv affinity rau cov khoom.Sulfur dyes yuav tsum tau txo thiab yaj ua ntej dyeing fibers, thiab cov txheej txheem tom qab kho yog cumbersome, thiab tag nrho cov txheej txheem dyeing yog qhov nyuaj.Dyeing fabrics feem ntau txwv rau cellulose fibers xws li paj rwb.Qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm sulfur dyes yog qhov tsaus ntuj, xim dub yog nws cov xim tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, ua raws li xiav, txiv ntseej thiab xim av, nws nyuaj rau ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub no rau cov xim nplua nuj thiab xim.

Kev daws:

Raws li qee lub tebchaws txwv tsis pub qee yam carcinogenic azo dyes.Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj zawv plaub hau tshiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov dej-soluble sulfur dyes, tseem yuav muaj kev cia siab dav rau cov protein fibers.

Tam sim no, 90% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov sulfur dyes tseem siv sodium sulfide, thiab nws yog ntau dhau.Ib feem ntawm sodium sulfide yog siv los txo cov dyes, tab sis qhov ntau dhau yuav tsim cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj sulfur.Tshem tawm nws ncaj qha yuav ua phem rau ib puag ncig.Kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm sulfur dyes yuav hloov cov tshuaj txo cov tshuaj sodium sulfide tam sim no.Hauv qhov no, tus nqi nce yuav tsum zoo ib yam li tus nqi tam sim no ntawm kev kho cov tshuaj sulfur-muaj cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm chlorination.Raws li tib neeg cov kev xav tau rau ib puag ncig tau nce siab dua, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb.Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua kom muaj kev xaiv ecological ntawm kev txo cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov oxidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm rau sulfur dyeing.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev siv cov tshuaj zawv plaub hau uas tsis muaj leej faj lossis muaj cov sulfur tsawg heev tuaj yeem ua rau daim ntawv thov cov tshuaj sulfur dyes ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg.Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los ua kom tus nqi dyeing thiab dye siv tus nqi ntawm sulfur dyes, yog li txo cov seem ntawm cov dyes hauv cov dej khib nyiab.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm dyeing tus nqi muaj ob yam:

1) Tus nqi adsorption ntawm cov xim nyob rau hauv cov dye cawv los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm fiber ntau;

2) Lub diffusion tus nqi ntawm cov dye nyob rau hauv dye cawv los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub fiber mus rau sab hauv ntawm lub fiber.

Sulfur dyes yog insoluble nyob rau hauv dej thiab yuav tsum tau tag nrho txo thiab yaj nrog ib tug txo tus neeg sawv cev ua ntej dyeing.Rau ib qho me me ntawm sulfur dyes nrog cov khoom loj thiab cov dej tsis zoo, lawv yuav tsum tau nplawm los yog boiled tom qab ntxiv sodium sulfide los pab cov dyes kom yaj tag.Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov cellulose fiber ntau tau hloov kho kom muaj cov pab pawg ua ke nrog cov dye, yog li txhim kho qhov kev siv ntawm cov xim.

l Kev ceev faj rau sodium sulfide

Txaus ntshai

a) Kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv: Cov khoom no tuaj yeem decompose hydrogen sulfide hauv plab hnyuv, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tshuaj lom hydrogen sulfide tom qab noj qhov ncauj.Corrosive rau daim tawv nqaij thiab qhov muag.

b) Environmental Hazard: Hazardous rau ib puag ncig.

c) Kev phom sij tawg: Cov khoom no yog flammable, corrosive heev thiab irritating, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau kub hnyiab rau tib neeg lub cev.

Kev pab thawj zaug

a) Kev sib cuag ntawm daim tawv nqaij: Tam sim ntawd tshem cov khaub ncaws tsis huv thiab yaug nrog dej kom ntau li 15 feeb.Nrhiav kev kho mob.

b) Kev sib cuag ntawm qhov muag: Tam sim ntawd rub daim tawv muag thiab yaug kom huv si nrog dej txaus los yog dej ntsev li ib txwm tsawg kawg 15 feeb.Nrhiav kev kho mob.

c) Kev nqus pa: Tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw sai sai rau huab cua ntshiab.Khaws txoj hauv kev qhib.Yog ua pa nyuaj, muab cov pa oxygen.Yog tias tsis ua pa, muab kev ua pa tawm sai sai.Nrhiav kev kho mob.

d) Noj: Yaug qhov ncauj nrog dej, muab mis nyuj los yog qe dawb.Nrhiav kev kho mob.

Kev ntsuas hluav taws kub

a) Cov yam ntxwv muaj kev phom sij: cov khoom tsis muaj dej yog qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim, thiab nws cov plua plav yog yooj yim rau spontaneously combust hauv huab cua.Nws decomposes nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm acid thiab emits heev tshuaj lom thiab flammable gas.Hmoov thiab cua tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom tawg.Nws cov tshuaj aqueous yog corrosive thiab mob heev.Nws pib evaporate ntawm 100 ° C, thiab cov vapor tuaj yeem corrode iav.

b) Cov khoom tsim kev puas tsuaj: hydrogen sulfide, sulfur oxides.

c) Txoj kev tua hluav taws: Siv dej, tshuaj tsuag dej, xuab zeb los tua hluav taws.

Kev tuav pov hwm

a) Kev kho mob xwm txheej ceev: cais thaj chaw uas muaj paug paug thiab txwv kev nkag mus.Nws raug pom zoo tias cov neeg ua haujlwm xwm txheej ceev yuav hnav lub ntsej muag plua plav (lub ntsej muag tag nrho) thiab cov khaub ncaws ua haujlwm tiv thaiv acid thiab alkali.Nkag mus rau qhov chaw los ntawm upwind.

b) Cov dej xau me me: tsis txhob nce cov plua plav, sau nrog lub duav huv hauv lub thawv qhuav, huv si nrog lub hau.Nws tseem tuaj yeem ntxuav nrog dej ntau, thiab cov dej ntxuav yog diluted thiab muab tso rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab.

c) Cov dej nchuav ntau: sau thiab rov ua dua lossis thauj mus rau qhov chaw pov tseg pov tseg.

pov tseg cia

a) Kev ceev faj txog kev ua haujlwm: kaw haujlwm.Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau txais kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb thiab ua raws li cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm.Nws raug nquahu kom cov neeg ua haujlwm hnav lub npog ntsej muag tiv thaiv plua plav plua plav, tshuaj tiv thaiv tsom iav, roj hmab acid thiab alkali tiv thaiv khaub ncaws, thiab hnab looj tes roj hmab acid thiab alkali resistant.Khaws kom deb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub thiab cua sov, thiab kev haus luam yeeb yog txwv tsis pub nyob hauv chaw ua haujlwm.Siv cov tshuab ua pa tawm thiab cov khoom tawg.Tsis txhob tsim cov hmoov av.Tsis txhob kov cov oxidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov kua qaub.Thaum tuav, thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm me me kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntim thiab ntim.Nruab nrog cov hom sib xws thiab ntau ntawm cov khoom siv tua hluav taws thiab cov khoom siv kho mob thaum muaj xwm ceev.Cov thawv ntim khoob yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem seem.

b) Kev ceev faj rau kev khaws cia: Khaws rau hauv qhov chaw txias, cua txias.Khaws kom deb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub thiab cua sov.Cov av noo hauv tsev qiv ntawv yog qhov zoo dua tsis pub tshaj 85%.Lub pob yog kaw.Nws yuav tsum tau muab cais los ntawm oxidants thiab acids, thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob muab khaws cia ua ke.Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj.Nruab nrog qhov tsim nyog ntau yam thiab ntau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.Cov chaw cia khoom yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog kom muaj cov txeej.

l Kev ceev faj rau kev ntim khoom thiab kev thauj mus los

1. Cov txheej txheem ntim: Muab tso rau hauv 0.5 hli tuab steel nruas thiab kaw kom nruj, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm txhua lub nruas yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 100 kg;ntsia hlau-sab saum toj iav fwj, hlau cap crimped iav fwj, yas hwj los yog zoo tib yam ntoo thawv sab nraum hlau nruas (cov kaus poom);Screw-sab saum toj iav lub raj mis, lub raj mis yas los yog tin-plated nyias steel nruas (tau) nrog rau hauv pem teb grate lub thawv, fiberboard lub thawv los yog plywood box;tin-plated nyias steel nruas (tau), hlau nruas (tau), lub raj mis yas lossis hlau hose Sab nraud corrugated lub thawv.

2. Kev ceev faj txog kev thauj mus los: Thaum thauj los ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau, steel nruas tuaj yeem thauj los ntawm lub tsheb qhib.Thaum thauj los ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau, nws yuav tsum tau sib sau ua ke nruj raws li lub rooj sib txoos cov khoom txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv "Cov Cai rau Kev Thauj Khoom Zoo" uas tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Ministry of Railways.Kev ntim khoom yuav tsum ua kom tiav thiab qhov chaw thau khoom yuav tsum ruaj ntseg thaum lub sijhawm xa khoom.Thaum lub sij hawm kev thauj mus los, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias lub thawv tsis xau, tawg, poob lossis puas.Nws yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub sib tov thiab thauj nrog oxidants, acids, khoom noj khoom haus chemicals, thiab lwm yam. Thaum thauj, lub tsheb thauj khoom yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov khoom sib xws thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom siv tua hluav taws thiab cov khoom siv kho mob thaum muaj xwm ceev.

Thaum kawg, Wit-Stone ntawm no cog lus tias nws yuav muab koj cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov kev pabcuam tiav.Peb cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav nyob online 24 teev hauv ib hnub los teb koj cov lus nug.Yog tias koj xav paub dab tsi, thov hu rau peb!

Post lub sij hawm: Mar-21-2023

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